Greyhounds in HistoryI see you stand like greyhounds in the slips,
Straining upon the start. The game's afoot. –Shakespeare, Henry V |
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The first recorded images of dogs with bodies of the same shape as our modern day greyhounds are found on the walls of the tombs of the Ancient Egyptians. While recent DNA evidence indicates that Greyhounds are not Middle-Eastern or African in origin, the images show that there has long been fascination with sighthounds. In Egypt, favored hounds were mummified along with their owners and buried in the tombs.
Sighthounds continued to be revered and owned as a sort of symbol of aristocracy and wealth. They were also used in mythology and literature as symbols of loyalty and the ties of friendship. In "The Odyssey" by Homer, the great hero Odysseus returns home after many years and adventures to a household where no one recognizes him except for his hound, Argus. Argus sees his master, thumps his tail, and then dies. This is said to speak of the extreme loyalty of a hound to his human, in that only Argus remained loyal to Odysseus until the end.
Another possible contribution of the Greeks to the greyhound type may be the name, "Greyhound." One popular idea about the origin of the word comes from the fact that adventuring Greeks took their hounds with them, and they were known as "Greek Hounds." It is also thought that the name Greyhound comes from a reference to the hounds being owned by the nobility, thus the name "Great Hounds."
Little is known about whether the Romans or the Celts had greyhound-type dogs first. What is known is the incredible influence that the breed has had over both types of mythology and lore. Many of the Roman (and Greek) Gods and Goddesses are pictured often with a greyhound-type dog. The Celtic people had stories of hounds throughout their religious and secular literature; these include Bran and Sceolan, hounds whelped to a bitch that had been a human, but was turned into a hound by a rival, and of Cú Chulainn, a legendary warrior whose name in Gaelic means "Hound of the Smith."
By the time of the middle ages, the greyhound had almost become extinct in the British Isles. Thanks to the Forest Laws of 1014 and King Canute of England, commoners were not allowed to own greyhounds, and the penalties for being caught ranged from hands being cut off to death. Dogs confiscated from commoners were mutilated so that they could no longer hunt. Times were hard for those not of noble blood, and keeping a dog for hunting wasn't practical. As a result, the breed nearly died out completely. Certain clergy took in some of the greyhounds and began to breed them to sell to the aristocracy, and thus kept the breed thriving. Greyhounds were often seen as symbols of the virtues of the knights, such as their loyalty and undying faith, just as they were represented centuries earlier in the Greek epics.
It was due to this ban and to the subsequent strengthening of the forest laws by William the Conqueror in 1066 that we now see the most common greyhound colors as the reds, red brindles, and other variations of the brindle coloring. Dogs of these colors were easier to camouflage than white, black or blue (grey). In turn, the nobility tended to prefer the white dogs and the yellow fawns because they were easy to see as they coursed game in the forests. Blue dogs were also favored, and were possibly called "Blue" instead of their true coloring, which is a charcoal grey, because they belonged to the "Blue Bloods" of the aristocracy. Since there were obviously more commoners than nobles, it only stands to reason that this division is the reason for the proliferation of brindles in the breed today and the relative rarity of solid white and solid blue hounds. It is worth noting, however, that blue greyhounds are as common in the United Kingdom today as red brindles and blacks are in the United States.
The Renaissance or Elizabethan period of English history was a grand time for greyhounds. Queen Elizabeth I abolished the Forest Laws, so more people were able to own greyhounds and the breed flourished. Coursing as a sport became quite popular during this time and due to Elizabeth's own interest was dubbed "The Sport of Queens." [To this day, greyhound racing is still referred to as "The Sport of Queens."] Coursing continued to gain popularity throughout the next two centuries in England, and when English settlers came to the New World they brought their hounds with them. Many of the hounds in the United States today can trace their lineage back to some of these seafaring ancestors!
Queen Elizabeth’s successor, King James, was also a fan of greyhound coursing. In fact, the reason that greyhounds are mentioned in the King James Version of the Bible is most likely due to the clergy that did the translation wishing to please their monarch. When they came to the verse in Proverbs that mentions a dog, what better way to translate it than to pick a breed that the King favored?
Sources:
http://www.gulfcoastgreyhounds.org/hist-0-indx.html#Orgin
http://cyberpict.net/hounds/clthnd.htm
Sighthounds continued to be revered and owned as a sort of symbol of aristocracy and wealth. They were also used in mythology and literature as symbols of loyalty and the ties of friendship. In "The Odyssey" by Homer, the great hero Odysseus returns home after many years and adventures to a household where no one recognizes him except for his hound, Argus. Argus sees his master, thumps his tail, and then dies. This is said to speak of the extreme loyalty of a hound to his human, in that only Argus remained loyal to Odysseus until the end.
Another possible contribution of the Greeks to the greyhound type may be the name, "Greyhound." One popular idea about the origin of the word comes from the fact that adventuring Greeks took their hounds with them, and they were known as "Greek Hounds." It is also thought that the name Greyhound comes from a reference to the hounds being owned by the nobility, thus the name "Great Hounds."
Little is known about whether the Romans or the Celts had greyhound-type dogs first. What is known is the incredible influence that the breed has had over both types of mythology and lore. Many of the Roman (and Greek) Gods and Goddesses are pictured often with a greyhound-type dog. The Celtic people had stories of hounds throughout their religious and secular literature; these include Bran and Sceolan, hounds whelped to a bitch that had been a human, but was turned into a hound by a rival, and of Cú Chulainn, a legendary warrior whose name in Gaelic means "Hound of the Smith."
By the time of the middle ages, the greyhound had almost become extinct in the British Isles. Thanks to the Forest Laws of 1014 and King Canute of England, commoners were not allowed to own greyhounds, and the penalties for being caught ranged from hands being cut off to death. Dogs confiscated from commoners were mutilated so that they could no longer hunt. Times were hard for those not of noble blood, and keeping a dog for hunting wasn't practical. As a result, the breed nearly died out completely. Certain clergy took in some of the greyhounds and began to breed them to sell to the aristocracy, and thus kept the breed thriving. Greyhounds were often seen as symbols of the virtues of the knights, such as their loyalty and undying faith, just as they were represented centuries earlier in the Greek epics.
It was due to this ban and to the subsequent strengthening of the forest laws by William the Conqueror in 1066 that we now see the most common greyhound colors as the reds, red brindles, and other variations of the brindle coloring. Dogs of these colors were easier to camouflage than white, black or blue (grey). In turn, the nobility tended to prefer the white dogs and the yellow fawns because they were easy to see as they coursed game in the forests. Blue dogs were also favored, and were possibly called "Blue" instead of their true coloring, which is a charcoal grey, because they belonged to the "Blue Bloods" of the aristocracy. Since there were obviously more commoners than nobles, it only stands to reason that this division is the reason for the proliferation of brindles in the breed today and the relative rarity of solid white and solid blue hounds. It is worth noting, however, that blue greyhounds are as common in the United Kingdom today as red brindles and blacks are in the United States.
The Renaissance or Elizabethan period of English history was a grand time for greyhounds. Queen Elizabeth I abolished the Forest Laws, so more people were able to own greyhounds and the breed flourished. Coursing as a sport became quite popular during this time and due to Elizabeth's own interest was dubbed "The Sport of Queens." [To this day, greyhound racing is still referred to as "The Sport of Queens."] Coursing continued to gain popularity throughout the next two centuries in England, and when English settlers came to the New World they brought their hounds with them. Many of the hounds in the United States today can trace their lineage back to some of these seafaring ancestors!
Queen Elizabeth’s successor, King James, was also a fan of greyhound coursing. In fact, the reason that greyhounds are mentioned in the King James Version of the Bible is most likely due to the clergy that did the translation wishing to please their monarch. When they came to the verse in Proverbs that mentions a dog, what better way to translate it than to pick a breed that the King favored?
Sources:
http://www.gulfcoastgreyhounds.org/hist-0-indx.html#Orgin
http://cyberpict.net/hounds/clthnd.htm
